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Last update: June 25, 2025 02:01 AM
June 24, 2025
Victor Martínez
Debo pasarme a uno de soporte largo (LTS)
Recien vi que el 6.14 llegó a EOL y que el 6.15 será también de corta vida, bueno la semana pasada lo compile
Linux version 6.15.2 (vicm3@avalon) (gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14+deb12u1) 12.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40) #2 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Jun 17 13:54:10 CST 2025
Linux tostador 6.15.2 #2 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Jun 17 13:54:10 CST 2025 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Y por supuesto el viernes salió el 6.15.3…
También compile el 6.12.33 que es LTS [1] pero al probarlo me gustó más el manejo de USB y del GPU de el 6.15, hasta pensé en comprar dos módulos de 16GB para pasar a 32GB de los 16 que tengo, pero me hicieron notar que estoy compilando remoto y que en realidad no modifica los 22 minutos que les toma a los 32 cores que hay en la oficina los 4 que tengo en casa… o más mejor que tengo otros gastos más inmediatos…
Intenté contestar a la entrada de Gunnar [2] sobre ponerle nombre a máquinas… pero cuando llevaba media cuartilla con las 2 maquinas de cuando hice el servicio social me rendí, si creo que vale la pena hacerlo, pero lo intenté en fechas de evaluación y fue muy mala combinación
[1] https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html
[2] https://gwolf.org/2025/04/naming-things-revisited.html
Una interesante paradoja
Como académico se solicitan grados de estudio, pero no es sencillo hacerte el espacio… veo de manera muy interesante que como administrativo una prestación es el estudiar, que no se encuentra en mi cuadro de prestaciones…
Entonces ya me estoy cuestionando si estoy muy cargado de trabajo o muy res, porque parece que todo mundo esta terminando su doctorado…
June 23, 2025
Gwolf
Private key management • Oh, the humanity...
If we ever thought a couple of years or decades of constant use would get humankind to understand how an asymetric key pair is to be handled… It’s time we moved back to square one.
I had to do an online tramit with the Mexican federal government to get a statement certifying I successfully finished my studies, and I found this jewel of user interface:
So… I have to:
- Submit the asymetric key I use for tax purposes, as that’s the ID the government has registered for me. OK, I didn’t expect it to be used for this purpose as well, but I’ll accept it. Of course, in our tax system many people don’t require having a public key generated (“easier” regimes are authenticated by password only), but all professionals with a cédula profesional (everybody getting a unviersitary title) is now compelled to do this step.
-
Not only I have to submit my certificate (public key)… But also the private part (and, of course, the password that secures it).
I understand I’m interacting with a Javascript thingie that runs only client-side, and I trust it is not shipping my private key to their servers. But given it is an opaque script, I have no assurance about it. And, of course, this irks me because I am who I am and because I’ve spent several years thinking about cryptography. But for regular people, it just looks as a stupid inconvenience: they have to upload two weird files with odd names and provide a password. What for?
This is beyond stupid. I’m baffled.
(of course, I did it, because I need the fsckin’ document. Oh, and of course, I paid my MX$1770, ≈€80, for it… which does not make me too happy for a tramit that’s not even shuffling papers, only storing the right bits in the right corner of the right datacenter, but anyhow…)
Diario de un Mexicano en Japon
La importancia de ser constante
¡Hola blog!
Originalmente este era el mensaje que quería escribir primero, puesto que estaba planeado para marzo de 2025. Sin embargo, las fechas no me ayudaron y todo terminó moviéndose 3 meses, hasta el día de ayer.
¿Qué es lo que quiero contar?
Entre otras cosas, desde finales de 2022 comencé a practicar karate por este lado del mundo. A algunos les sonará raro que, después de tanto tiempo viviendo en Japón, hasta ahora me haya entrado la curiosidad de estudiar un arte marcial, pero poniendo en contexto a quienes no hayan leído todos los mensajes de este blog, cuando recién había llegado por acá practiqué Kyudo (arquería japonesa) por cerca de 2 años, y obtuve 1er. dan. Me gustaba mucho, pero las obligaciones escolares de ese entonces, aunado con un sensei que me recordaba mucho a mi papá, se combinaron para que no pudiera continuar practicando. Desde ese entonces no había hecho nada al respecto (aunque sí practiqué deporte frecuentemente).
Como ya saben, fui diagnosticado en 2021 con trastorno de ansiedad y depresión, y viví meses en pleno terror, sin contar la desesperación que sentía al creer que nunca iba a salir del pozo donde estaba, de creer que era un inútil y de que mi doctorado, que salió gratis en un gansito, era pura pantalla. La terapia fue un proceso largo, pero me ayudó muchísimo a crear una escalera, peldaño por peldaño, que me permitió salir de ahí y ver la vida con otros ojos. Eso, aunado a que mi esposa quería que mi hijo mayor practicara karate para fomentarle la autoestima y también enseñarle disciplina, me llevaron a comenzar a practicar el arte marcial japonesa, pero desde una perspectiva más tradicionalista. Explico:
No es necesario enfatizar el hecho de que existen muchas corrientes y estilos de karate alrededor del mundo. No se trata de criticar ni de menospreciar a ninguno, porque, bien aplicados, cualquier estilo funciona y cumple su propósito. En mi caso, el estilo que encontré fue uno llamado 月心会 (gesshinkai), que sigue muy de cerca el karate tradicional de Okinawa. Hay kumite (pelea) también, y es full-contact, pero aunque se le da importancia, realmente el enfoque es en la disciplina del entrenamiento, en las katas y las técnicas para mejorar los movimientos. Por lo mismo, muchos extranjeros que encuentran este estilo terminan yéndose a otro porque no les satisface del todo, y no los culpo ni los critico puesto que cada persona debe encontrar y practicar lo que más le guste.
El caso es que este estilo también se enfoca mucho en que padres e hijos practiquen juntos como forma de crear o fortalecer la relación entre los mismos, y si nos ponemos a pensar en la cultura familiar japonesa, es una perspectiva interesante y útil, y en lo personal ha funcionado para darme otro tema de conversación con mi hijo, además de las horas en las que hemos practicado y aprendido juntos. Además, he visto de primera mano cómo la autoestima de mi hijo ha ido en aumento, y pasó de ser alguien que era miedoso y evitaba conflictos a ser alguien que evita conflictos pero no les teme, al grado de ponerse al tú por tú con el gandalla de su salón y terminar como su mejor amigo; y si bien me gustaría que mi hijo le echara más ganas a la práctica del karate, al menos puedo decir que le ha servido.
Aquí entro yo:
Una de las cualidades que he tenido desde hace mucho tiempo es que si hago algo, lo hago en forma, le dedico tiempo, y no lo abandono de repente. Mi problema es que tardo MUCHO en querer comenzar algo, más por flojera que por cualquier otra cosa. Habría podido comenzar a practicar karate mucho antes de 2022, pero nunca me sentía realmente motivado por hacerlo (y esto es personalidad, no consecuencia de la depresión). Pero cuando por fin me decidí, sabía a lo que iba, sabía que quería hacer las cosas bien y que mejoraría mi disciplina y autocontrol, porque a final de cuentas el karate no es para pelear y ganarle a la gente, ni para ser agresivo, sino para pelear contra uno mismo y vencerse. El único obstáculo eres tú. El karate es para servir, para defender a quienes no pueden, pero sobre todo, para competir contra una mismo.
No soy exactamente ajeno al karate. Cuando tenía alrededor de 7-8 años practiqué diferentes artes marciales en Guadalajara, junto con mi hermana mayor. Pasamos por Kung Lama, Tae Kwon Do, Karate Do y Amigos del Ejército. Llegué a ganar un torneo en kata y a ser segundo lugar en kumite. Pero después de esa época nunca le seguí, así que comenzar a practicar karate a los 44 años era practicamente comenzar de ceros.
El karate me atrapó, pero fue porque yo dejé que me atrapara, que me envolviera con sus conocimientos y que me diera la pauta para practicar en casa casi todos los días. Mi esposa, que difícilmente puede continuar cualquier cosa que haga o estudie, llegó a preguntarme si no me enfadaba del karate, y exclamó que no pensaba que realmente fuera a practicar de forma tan seria. Oh, grave error… y eso que me conoce desde hace muchos años. Si en mi mente ya estaba la decisión de practicar karate, lo iba a ser en serio. No voy a echar por la borda el sacrificio de levantarme temprano los domingos para ir a practicar (el entrenamiento es los domingos a las 9 AM), y si voy a hacer el esfuerzo de levantarme temprano e irme a practicar en vez de jugar videojuegos, tengo que hacer que valga la pena.
Y así ha pasado el tiempo. Gesshinkai tiene rangos que van del 10 al 1, y después, cuando obtienes la cinta negra, eres 1er. dan, y de ahí los rangos suben hasta 10mo dan. Aquí una lista de los rangos y los colores de las cintas:
- Mukyuu: blanca
- 10 y 9 kyu: azul claro
- 8 y 7 kyu: azul marino
- 6 y 5 kyu: verde
- 4 y 3 kyu: morada
- 2 y 1 kyu: café
- 1er dan hasta 4to. dan: negra
- 5to dan y 6to dan: negra, con una franja roja en el centro
- 7mo dan: roja y blanca
- 8vo y 9no dan: no la he visto
- 10mo dan: roja
¿Por qué hablar del karate justamente ahora y no antes?
Porque para mí, el verdadero punto de partida era la cinta negra, y ayer hice el laaaaaargo examen para obtenerla. El resultado se puede ver en la imagen de arriba, pero la pongo aquí también como referencia:

En teoría, quería tomarme foto con cada una de las cintas, pero nomás no se me hizo. Según yo había tomado fotos de todas las cintas, menos la morada, pero no las encontré.



Las únicas cintas que son propias son la blanca, y de la negra en delante. Todas las demás son de todos, así que te puede tocar una que no sea de tu talla. Además, un detalle importante es que las cintas que no son propias NO SE DEBEN LAVAR. Suena antihigiénico, pero la idea es que la cinta lleva el sudor y el esfuerzo de todos los que la han portado hasta ese entonces, por lo que lavarla significa quitarle todo el significado (la realidad es que sí se puede lavar, pero tiene que ser a mano, y solamente en casos en los que de plano el olor sea insoportable). La cinta blanca representa el inicio del entrenamiento y, al mismo tiempo, el concepto de nunca olvidar de dónde comenzó todo, de nunca olvidar las raíces. La cinta negra implica que ya eres capaz de entrenar por tu cuenta, y también de guiar a los que están debajo de tu rango; a partir de la cinta negra, tu nombre viene bordado en la misma.
He participado en varios torneos y eventos culturales dentro y fuera de Tokio. Gané el 2do. lugar en kata en diciembre del año pasado. El año pasado que fui a Tailandia de trabajo, busqué el dojo en Bangkok y pude entrenar también allá.

No es obsesión, sino pasión. Con todo, hay semanas en las que de plano no voy a entrenar porque me gana la flojera (o porque me quiero quedar a ver torneos de Street Fighter o a jugar videojuegos), así que el karate no ha consumido mi vida, sino más bien ha entrado a ella para ayudarme en mi guía y lucha vs mí mismo y la depresión (que ya casi está vencida).
A partir de la próxima semana comienza mi entrenamiento ahora como cinta negra. Ya he estado al frente de la clase enseñando a los demás, pero ahora me toca sentarme y estar con los otros profesores. Me falta mucho todavía, pero al igual que con el proyecto que recién salió a la luz en el trabajo, es día de darme dos palmaditas en la espalda, comer helado, y disfrutar el resultado del esfuerzo que he hecho casi diario durante 2 años y medio. Se oye como McDojo, pero no cualquiera obtiene la cinta negra en tan poco tiempo. Tengo “sempai” que tardaron 6-7 años, más que nada porque los sensei son quienes dictan si uno ya está listo para dar el siguiente paso. Ahora que yo ya lo di, es momento de responder a esa confianza y a seguir practicando. Me hace ojitos la cinta roja/blanca de 7mo. dan, pero eso me tomará muchos años, puesto que a partir de cinta negra solamente se permite hacer examen para subir de rango después de al menos haber entrenado un año y medio con el rango actual, y si consideramos que entre cada dan hay uno extra llamado 補”ho” (un paso antes del dan, literalmente “candidato”), entonces estamos hablando de, saquemos cuentas, de 12 rangos que subir, multplicado por 1.5, 18 años más de entrenamiento (por lo menos).
El camino es largo, pero ya lo comencé, y voy a hacer lo posible por continuarlo.
Las metas que valen la pena son, por lo general, a largo plazo; parece imposible lograrlo cuando se ve desde fuera, y se convierte en imposible si nunca se hace un esfuerzo por conseguirlas. Es importante tenerlas en mente y avanzar hacia ellas, pero hay que definir metas a corto plazo, que sean alcanzables, para lograrlas, y con ello para motivarnos a dar el siguiente paso. Quizá su meta tome muchos años, pero si nunca comienzan, nunca van a saber si pudieron haberla conseguido o no.
The post La importancia de ser constante first appeared on ¡Un mexicano en Japón!.June 18, 2025
Diario de un Mexicano en Japon
Día de lanzamiento: experiencia adquirida
¡Hola blog!
Quizá este no es el escrito que muchos esperaban leer después de varios meses de ausencia por acá. Hay mucho que contar, pero aproveché que tenía tiempo en el trabajo para escribir respecto a lo que está aconteciendo el día de hoy, y a las experiencias adquiridas durante el proceso. Si a alguien le sirve de algo lo que sigue, ¡qué bien!
Hoy es el lanzamiento oficial del proyecto en el que he trabajado por más de un año. Sin embargo, la verdadera prueba de fuego será la próxima semana, cuando el sistema sea ejecutado por primera vez en producción.
Nervioso no estoy. El sistema ha sido probado intensamente desde hace meses, y el cliente lo ha usado extraoficialmente durante más de un año. Ahora se trata de automatizar todo, lo cual se logró después de una intensa pelea vs AWS. He aprendido mucho del ecosistema de AWS, pero además de eso, este proyecto me ha enseñado, y también reiterado, algunas cosas que vale la pena mencionar:
1. No soy líder del proyecto, sino líder de desarrollo. Cuando me asignaron, el sistema era funcional de puro milagro. Habían puesto a un chavo con 1 año de experiencia en el mundo laboral y por ende a todo decía que sí. Una “proof of concept” era usada como sistema en producción. El chavo hizo lo que pudo, y la verdad su esfuerzo fue más que excelente, así que a él no lo culpo.
2. Los resultados no eran los esperados, por lo que el cliente iba a terminar el proyecto en julio del año pasado. ¿Qué faltó? Un análisis cualitativo para determinar qué era lo que causaba resultados insatisfactorios. Los hice, y el proyecto fue resucitado.
3. Las nuevas generaciones, al menos acá en Japón, dependen muchísimo de LLMs. Aunque es cierto que la calidad del código generado por los LLMs ha ido en aumento, todavía hay fallas y alucinaciones, que son difíciles de detectar si no se tiene experiencia.
Habiendo visto la evolución de las tareas de NLP a lo largo de 20 años, los LLMs parecen arte de magia, pero en el fondo deben ser considerados como una herramienta más, no como sustituto de empleados (al menos al día de hoy).
4. Es la primera vez en toda mi carrera en la que soy considerado como “veterano”. Sí, ya sé, estoy viejo, pero en todas mis chambas anteriores siempre era el último eslabón en la cadena. Ahora he tenido oportunidad de ser mentor de gente más joven, y ha sido muy satisfactorio. Asimismo, es la primera vez en la que una empresa reconoce mi todavía parco conocimiento y mi exigua experiencia laboral. No es presunción, pero parece mentira que a mis 46 años apenas una empresa me considera para llevar la batuta de algo.
Hasta antes de entrar a esta empresa siempre había considerado que no sabía mucho, que me faltaba todavía para ser alguien con presencia, que pudiera ser consultado cuando se tenían dudas, o que la gente alreddor sintiera confianza de que yo estaba encargado de algo. No es que lo sepa todo, pero una parte de la depresión en la que caí fue consideraba que, por mi título, debía saber más, debía entender muchos más conceptos, y me autoflagelaba por no haberlos aprendido cuando era estudiante.
Ya he comentado en muchas ocasiones que mi título de doctorado me salió en un gansito, porque fue una experiencia horrible, para olvidar, que durante años me hizo arrepentirme de haber venido a Japón. Por lo mismo siempre he recomendado investigar y tener contacto con su potencial asesor a quienes planean venir a estudiar un posgrado a la tierra del sol naciente. De ese asesor depende totalmente su experiencia académica por acá. Resumiendo para quienes no sepan la historia: el mío nunca me guió para nada. Estaba más preocupado por su retiro que por sus alumnos, y cuando se retiró al final de mi segundo año de doctorado solamente se tomó sus últimas.2 semanas para conseguir que otros profesores se hicieran cargo de nosotros (3 alumnos de doctorado). El profesor que me recibió fue muy claro al decirme que él no tenía idea de lo que estaba haciendo, que él no me podía ofrecer guía y que no había lugar físico en su laboratorio para mí, así que hice lo que pude para salir adelante, pero nunca he estado satisfecho de eso.
Con todo, y también habiendo aprendido a celebrar mis pequeñas victorias, el hecho de que haya salvado el proyecto y lo haya llevado hasta producción en un lanzamiento oficial en una gran empresa en Japón, creo que merece que me dé un par de palmaditas en la espalda, y que hoy me vaya a comer un helado a la hora de la comida.
The post Día de lanzamiento: experiencia adquirida first appeared on ¡Un mexicano en Japón!.June 11, 2025
Gwolf
Understanding Misunderstandings - Evaluating LLMs on Networking Questions
This post is a review for Computing Reviews for Understanding Misunderstandings - Evaluating LLMs on Networking Questions , a article published in Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Large language models (LLMs) have awed the world, emerging as the fastest-growing application of all time–ChatGPT reached 100 million active users in January 2023, just two months after its launch. After an initial cycle, they have gradually been mostly accepted and incorporated into various workflows, and their basic mechanics are no longer beyond the understanding of people with moderate computer literacy. Now, given that the technology is better understood, we face the question of how convenient LLM chatbots are for different occupations. This paper embarks on the question of whether LLMs can be useful for networking applications.
This paper systematizes querying three popular LLMs (GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and Claude 3) with questions taken from several network management online courses and certifications, and presents a taxonomy of six axes along which the incorrect responses were classified:
- Accuracy: the correctness of the answers provided by LLMs;
- Detectability: how easily errors in the LLM output can be identified;
- Cause: for each incorrect answer, the underlying causes behind the error;
- Explainability: the quality of the explanations with which the LLMs support their answers;
- Effects: the impact of wrong answers on users; and
- Stability: whether a minor change, such as a change in the order of the prompts, yields vastly different answers for a single query.
The authors also measure four strategies toward improving answers:
- Self-correction: giving the original question and received answer back to the LLM, as well as the expected correct answer, as part of the prompt;
- One-shot prompting: adding to the prompt “when answering user questions, follow this example” followed by a similar correct answer;
- Majority voting: using the answer that most models agree upon; and
- Fine-tuning: further training on a specific dataset to adapt the LLM to a particular task or domain.
The authors observe that, while some of those strategies were marginally useful, they sometimes resulted in degraded performance.
The authors queried the commercially available instances of Gemini and GPT, which achieved scores over 90 percent for basic subjects but fared notably worse in topics that require understanding and converting between different numeric notations, such as working with Internet protocol (IP) addresses, even if they are trivial (that is, presenting the subnet mask for a given network address expressed as the typical IPv4 dotted-quad representation).
As a last item in the paper, the authors compare performance with three popular open-source models: Llama3.1, Gemma2, and Mistral with their default settings. Although those models are almost 20 times smaller than the GPT-3.5 commercial model used, they reached comparable performance levels. Sadly, the paper does not delve deeper into these models, which can be deployed locally and adapted to specific scenarios.
The paper is easy to read and does not require deep mathematical or AI-related knowledge. It presents a clear comparison along the described axes for the 503 multiple-choice questions presented. This paper can be used as a guide for structuring similar studies over different fields.
June 04, 2025
Gwolf
The subjective value of privacy • Assessing individuals' calculus of costs and benefits in the context of state surveillance
This post is an unpublished review for The subjective value of privacy • Assessing individuals' calculus of costs and benefits in the context of state surveillance
Internet users, software developers, academics, entrepreneurs – basically everybody is now aware of the importance of considering privacy as a core part of our online experience. User demand, and various national or regional laws, have made privacy a continuously present subject. And privacy is such an all-encompassing, complex topic, the angles from which it can be studied seems never to finish; I recommend computer networking-oriented newcomers to the topic to refer to Brian Kernighan’s excellent work [1]. However, how do regular people –like ourselves, in our many capacities– feel about privacy? Lukas Antoine presents a series of experiments aiming at better understanding how people throughout the world understands privacy, and when is privacy held as more or less important than security in different aspects,
Particularly, privacy is often portrayed as a value set at tension against surveillance, and particularly state surveillance, in the name of security: conventional wisdom presents the idea of privacy calculus. This is, it is often assumed that individuals continuously evaluate the costs and benefits of divulging their personal data, sharing data when they expect a positive net outcome, and denying it otherwise. This framework has been accepted for decades, and the author wishes to challenge it. This book is clearly his doctoral thesis on political sciences, and its contents are as thorough as expected in this kind of product.
The author presents three empirical studies based on cross-survey analysis. The first experiment explores the security justifications for surveillance and how they influence their support. The second one searches whether the stance on surveillance can be made dependent on personal convenience or financial cost. The third study explores whether privacy attitude is context-dependant or can be seen as a stable personality trait. The studies aim to address the shortcomings of published literature in the field, mainly, (a) the lack of comprehensive research on state surveillance, needed or better understanding privacy appreciation, (b) while several studies have tackled the subjective measure of privacy, there is a lack of cross-national studies to explain wide-ranging phenomena, (c) most studies in this regard are based on population-based surveys, which cannot establish causal relationships, (d) a seemingly blind acceptance of the privacy calculus mentioned above, with no strong evidence that it accurately measures people’s motivations for disclosing or withholding their data. The specific take, including the framing of the tension between privacy and surveillance has long been studied, as can be seen in Steven Nock’s 1993 book [2], but as Sannon’s article in 2022 shows [3], social and technological realities require our undertanding to be continuously kept up to date.
The book is full with theoretical references and does a very good job of explaining the path followed by the author. It is, though, a heavy read, and, for people not coming from the social sciences tradition, leads to the occasional feeling of being lost. The conceptual and theoretical frameworks and presented studies are thorough and clear. The author is honest in explaining when the data points at some of his hypotheses being disproven, while others are confirmed.
The aim of the book is for people digging deep into this topic. Personally, I have authored several works on different aspects of privacy (such as a book [4] and a magazine number [5]), but this book did get me thinking on many issues I had not previously considered. Looking for comparable works, I find Friedewald et al.’s 2017 book [6] chapter organization to follow a similar thought line. My only complaint would be that, for the publication as part of its highly prestigious publisher, little attention has been paid to editorial aspects: sub-subsection depth is often excessive and unclear. Also, when publishing monographs based on doctoral works, it is customary to no longer refer to the work as a “thesis” and to soften some of the formal requirements such a work often has, with the aim of producing a more gentle and readable book; this book seems just like the mass-production of an (otherwise very interesting and well made) thesis work.
References:
- [1] Kernighan, B. W. (2021). Understanding the digital world: What you need to know about computers, the internet, privacy, and security. Princeton University Press.
- [2] Nock, S. L. (1993). The Costs of Privacy: Surveillance and Reputation in America. De Gruyter.
- [3] Sannon, S., Sun, B., Cosley, D. (2022). Privacy, Surveillance, and Power in the Gig Economy. SIGCHI, Association for Computing Machinery.
- [4] Wolf, G. (coord), 2021. Mecanismos de privacidad y anonimato en redes. Una visión transdisciplinaria. IIEc-UNAM, México https://www.priv-anon.unam.mx/libro/
- [5] XRDS•Crossroads Summer 2018. Pseudonimity and Anonymity. Association for Computing Machinery https://xrds.acm.org/archives.cfm?iid=3239334
- [6] Friedewald, M., Burgess, P., Čas, J., Bellanova, R., Peissl, W. (2017). Surveillance, Privacy and Security: Citizens’ Perspectives. Routeledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Humanities and big data in Ibero-America • Theory, methodology and practical applications
This post is an unpublished review for Humanities and big data in Ibero-America • Theory, methodology and practical applications
Digital humanities is a young–though established–field. It deals with different expressions in which digital data manipulation techniques can be applied and used to analyze subjects that are identified as belonging to the humanities. Although most often used to analyze different aspects of literature or social network analysis, it can also be applied to other humanistic disciplines or artistic expressions. Digital humanities employs many tools, but those categorized as big data are among the most frequently employed. This book samples different takes on digital humanities, with the particularity that it focuses on Ibero-American uses. It is worth noting that this book is the second in a series of four volumes, published or set to be published between 2022 and 2026. Being the output of a field survey, I perceive this book to be targeted towards fellow Digital Humanists – people interested in applying computational methods to further understand and research topics in the humanities. It is not a technical book in the sense Computer Science people would recognize as such, but several of the presented works do benefit from understanding some technical concepts.
The 12 articles (plus an introduction) that make up this book are organized in three parts:
(1) “Theoretical Framework” presents the ideas and techniques of data science (that make up the tools for handling big data), and explores how data science can contribute to literary analysis, all while noting that many such techniques are usually frowned upon in Latin America as data science “smells neoliberal”;
(2) “Methodological Issues” looks at specific issues through the lens of how they can be applied to big data, with specific attention given to works in Spanish; and
(3) “Practical Applications” analyzes specific Spanish works and communities based on big data techniques.
Several chapters treat a recurring theme: the simultaneous resistance and appropriation of big data by humanists. For example, at least three of the chapters describe the tensions between humanism (“aesthesis”) and cold, number-oriented data analysis (“mathesis”).
The analyzed works of Parts 2 and 3 are interesting and relatively easy to follow.
Some inescapable ideological gleans from several word uses – from the book’s and series’ name, which refers to the Spanish-speaking regions as “Ibero-America”, often seen as Eurocentric, in contrast with the “Latin America” term much more widely used throughout the region.
I will end with some notes about the specific versions of the book I reviewed. I read both an EPUB version and a print copy. The EPUB did not include links for easy navigation to footnotes, that is, the typographical superindexes are not hyperlinked to the location of the notes, so it is very impractical to try to follow them. The print version (unlike the EPUB) did not have an index, that is, the six pages before the introduction are missing from the print copy I received. For a book such as this one, not having an index hampers the ease of reading and referencing.
Beyond data poisoning in federated learning
This post is an unpublished review for Beyond data poisoning in federated learning
The current boom of artificial intelligence (AI) is based upon neural networks (NNs). In order for these to be useful, the network has to undergo a machine learning (ML) process: work over a series of inputs, and adjust the inner weights of the connections between neurons so that each of the data samples the network was trained on produces the right set of labels for each item. Federated learning (FL) appeared as a reaction given the data centralization power that traditional ML provides: instead of centrally controlling the whole training data, various different actors analyze disjoint subsets of data, and provide only the results of this analysis, thus increasing privacy while analyzing a large dataset. Finally, given multiple actors are involved in FL, how hard is it for a hostile actor to provide data that will confuse the NN, instead of helping it reach better performance? This kind of attack is termed a poisoning attack, and is the main focus of this paper. The authors set out to research how effective can a hyperdimensional data poisoning attack (HDPA) be to confuse a NN and cause it to misclassify both the items trained on and yet unseen items.
Data used for NN training is usually represented as a large set of orthogonal vectors, each describing a different aspect of the item, allowing for very simple vector arithmetic operations. Thus, NN training is termed as high-dimensional or hyperdimensional. The attack method described by the authors employs cosine similarity, that is, in order to preserve similarity, a target hypervector is reflected over a given dimension, yielding a cosine-similar result that will trick ML models, even if using byzantine-robust defenses.
The paper is clear, though not an easy read. It explains in detail the mathematical operations, following several related although different threat models. The authors present the results of the experimental evaluation of their proposed model, comparing it to several other well-known adversarial attacks for visual recognition tasks, over pre-labeled datasets frequently used as training data, such as MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and CIFAR-10. They show that their method is not only more effective as an attack, but falls within the same time range as other surveyed attacks.
Adversarial attacks are, all in all, an important way to advance any field of knowledge; by publishing this attack, the authors will surely spark other works to detect and prevent this kind of alteration. It is important for AI implementers to understand the nature of this field and be aware of the risks that this work, as well as others cited in it, highlight: ML will train a computer system to recognize a dataset, warts and all; efficient as AI is, if noise is allowed into the training data (particularly adversarially generated noise), the trained model might present impaired performance.
Computational modelling of robot personhood and relationality
This post is an unpublished review for Computational modelling of robot personhood and relationality
If humans and robots were to be able to roam around the same spaces, mutually recognizing each other for what they are, how would interaction be? How can we model such interactions in a way that we can reason about and understand the implications of a given behavior? This book aims at answering this question.
The book is split into two very different parts. Chapters 1 through 3 are mostly written with a philosophical angle. It starts by framing the possibility of having sentient androids exist in the same plane as humans, without them trying to pass as us or vice versa. The first chapters look at issues related to personhood, that is, how androids can be treated as valid interaction partners in a society with humans, and how interactions with them can be seen as meaningful. In doing so, several landmarks of the past 40 years in the AI field are reviewed. The issues of the “Significant Concerns” that make up a society and give it coherence and of “Personhood and Relationality”, describing how this permeates from a society into each of the individuals that make it up, the relations between them and the social objects that bring individuals closer together (or farther apart) are introduced and explained.
The second part of the book is written from a very different angle, and the change in pace took me somewhat by surprise. Each subsequent chapter presents a different angle of the “Affinity” system, a model that follows some aspects of human behavior over time and in a given space. Chapter 4 introduces the “Affinity” environment: a 3D simulated environment with simulated physical laws and characteristics, where a number of agents (30-50 is mentioned as usual) interact. Agents have a series of attributes (“value memory”), can adhere to different programs (“narratives”), and gain or lose on some vectors (“economy”). They can sense the world around them with sensors, and can modify the world or signal other agents using effectors.
The last two chapters round out the book, as expected: the first presents a set of results from analyzing a given set of value systems, and the second gives readers the conclusions reached by the author. However, I was expecting more–either having at least a link to download the “Affinity” system and continue exploring it or modifying some of the aspects it models to get it to model a set of agents with different stories and narratives, or extend it to yet unforseen behaviors, or at least have the author present a more complete comparison of results than the evaluation of patterns resulting from a given run. The author is a well-known, prolific author in the field, and I was expecting bigger insights from this book.
Nevertheless, the book is an interesting and fun read, with important insights in both the first and second parts. There is a certain lack of connection between their respective rhythms, and the second part indeed builds on the concepts introduced in the first one. Overall, I enjoyed reading the book despite expecting more.
Will be adding yet-to-be-published reviews
Since December 2023, I have been publishing the reviews I write for Computing Reviews as they get published. I will do a slight change now: I will start pushing the reviews to my blog as I write them, and of course, will modify them with the final wording and to link to their place as soon as they are published. I’m doing this because sometimes it takes very long for reviews to be approved, and I want to share them with my blog’s readers!
So, please bear with this a bit: I’ll send a (short!) flood of my latest four pending reviews today.
May 23, 2025
Gwolf
No further discussion -- I am staying with a Thinkpad keyboard.
I have been a very happy user of my two SK-8845 keyboards (one at my office, one at home) since I bought them, in 2018 and 2021 respectively. What are they, mind you?
The beautiful keyboard every Thinkpad owner knows and loves. And although I no longer use my X230 laptop that was my workhorse for several years, my fingers are spoiled.
So, both shift keys of my home keyboard have been getting flaky, and I am basically sure it’s a failure in the controller, as it does not feel to be physical. It’s time to revisit that seven year old post where I found the SK-8845.
This time, I decided to try my luck with something different. As a Emacs user, everybody knows we ought to be happy with more and more keys. In fact, I suppose many international people are now familiar with El Eternauta, true? we Emacs users would be the natural ambassadors to deal with the hand species:
So… it kind-of sort-of made sense, when I saw a Toshiba-IBM keyboard being sold for quite cheap (MX$400, just over US$20) to try my luck with it:
This is quite an odd piece of hardware, built in 2013 according to its label. At first I was unsure whether to buy it because of the weird interface it had, but the vendor replied they would ship a (very long!) USB cable with it, so…
As expected, connecting it to Linux led to a swift, errorless recognition:
Within minutes of receiving the hardware, I had it hooked up and started looking at the events it generated However… the romance soon started to wane. Some of the reasons:
- We cannot forget it is a
Piece of ShitPoint Of Sale keyboard. It is not intended to be a creative interface. So, the keys are ~75% the size of regular keys. My fingers have a hard time getting used to it, I keep hitting wrong keys. I know “I am holding it wrong” and my muscle memory can be retrained (and I was very happy when I had the tiny 9” Acer Aspire One)… but still, it is not pleasant. - I exclusively use keyboards with a trackpad (as those found in most laptops) because I found that constantly moving my hand to the mouse and back produced me back ache. Within an hour of typing in this keyboard, the old back ache I was happy not to ever have again came back to me.
-
The pointer device has a left and a right button, but neither middle nor scroll buttons. I could generate middle clicks by setting
middle emulation enabled
, but the buttons are separated — it requires clicking with both thumbs, which is unelegant, to say the least.I remapped some of the spare keys to be mouse buttons 1–5, and it worked for middle click, but not for scroll events. Maybe I could tweak it a bit more… but I didn’t in the end.
Anyway… I’m returning it 🙁 I found an SK-8845 for sale in China for just MX$1814 (~US$90), and jumped for it… They are getting scarce! Nowadays it’s getting more common (and cheaper) to find the newer style Thinkpad keyboards, but without a trackpad 🙁 I don’t think I should stockpile on keyboards, but… no, I’m not doing that 😉
Anyway, so I’m sticking to a Thinkpad keyboard, third in a row.
April 21, 2025
Gwolf
Want your title? Here, have some XML!
As it seems ChatGPT would phrase it… Sweet Mother of God!
I received a mail from my University’s Scholar Administrative division informing me my Doctor degree has been granted and emitted (yayyyyyy! 👨🎓), and before printing the corresponding documents, I should review all of the information is correct.
Attached to the mail, I found they sent me a very friendly and welcoming XML file, that stated it followed the schema at https://www.siged.sep.gob.mx/titulos/schema.xsd… Wait! There is nothing to be found in that address! Well, never mind, I can make sense out of a XML document, right?
Of course, who needs an XSD schema? Everybody can parse through the data in a XML document, right? Of course, it took me close to five seconds to spot a minor mistake (in the finish and start dates of my previous degree), for which I mailed the relevant address…
But… What happens if I try to undestand the world as seen by 9.8 out of 10 people getting a title from UNAM, in all of its different disciplines (scientific, engineering, humanities…) Some people will have no clue about what to do with a XML file. Fortunately, the mail has a link to a very useful tutorial (roughly translated by myself):
The attached file has an XML extension, so in order to visualize it, you must open it with a text editor such as Notepad or Sublime Text. In case you have any questions on how to open the file, please refer to the following guide: https://www.dgae.unam.mx/guia_abrir_xml.html
Seriously! Asking people getting a title in just about any area of knowledge to… Install SublimeText to validate the content of a XML (that includes the oh-so-very-readable signature of some universitary bureaucrat).
Of course, for many years Mexican people have been getting XML files by mail (for any declared monetary exchange, i.e. buying goods or offering services), but they are always sent together with a render of such XML to a personalized PDF. And yes — the PDF is there only to give the human receiving the file an easier time understanding it. Who thought a bare XML was a good idea? 😠
April 11, 2025
Gwolf
Culture as a positive freedom
This post is an unpublished review for La cultura libre como libertad positiva
Please note: This review is not meant to be part of my usual contributions to ACM's «Computing Reviews». I do want, though, to share it with people that follow my general interests and such stuff.
This article was published almost a year ago, and I read it just after relocating from Argentina back to Mexico. I came from a country starting to realize the shock it meant to be ruled by an autocratic, extreme right-wing president willing to overrun its Legislative and bent on destroying the State itself — not too different from what we are now witnessing on a global level.
I have been a strong proponent and defender of Free Software and of Free Culture throughout my adult life. And I have been a Socialist since my early teenage years. I cannot say there is a strict correlation between them, but there is a big intersection of people and organizations who aligns to both sides — And Ártica (and Mariana Fossatti) are clearly among them.
Freedom is a word that has brought us many misunderstanding throughout the past many decades. We will say that Freedom can only be brought hand-by-hand with Equality, Fairness and Tolerance. But the extreme-right wing (is it still bordering Fascism, or has it finally embraced it as its true self?) that has grown so much in many countries over the last years also seems to have appropriated the term, even taking it as their definition. In English (particularly, in USA English), liberty is a more patriotic term, and freedom is more personal (although the term used for the market is free market); in Spanish, we conflate them both under libre.
Mariana refers to a third blog, by Rolando Astarita, where the author introduces the concepts positive and negative freedom/liberties. Astarita characterizes negative freedom as an individual’s possibility to act without interferences or coertion, and is limited by other people’s freedom, while positive freedom is the real capacity to exercise one’s autonomy and achieve self-realization; this does not depend on a person on its own, but on different social conditions; Astarita understands the Marxist tradition to emphasize on the positive freedom.
Mariana brings this definition to our usual discussion on licensing: If we follow negative freedom, we will understand free licenses as the idea of access without interference to cultural or information goods, as long as it’s legal (in order not to infringe other’s property rights). Licensing is seen as a private content, and each individual can grant access and use to their works at will.
The previous definition might be enough for many, but she says, is missing something important. The practical effect of many individuals renouncing a bit of control over their property rights produce, collectively, the common goods. They constitute a pool of knowledge or culture that are no longer an individual, contractual issue, but grow and become social, collective. Negative freedom does not go further, but positive liberty allows broadening the horizon, and takes us to a notion of free culture that, by strengthening the commons, widens social rights.
She closes the article by stating (and I’ll happily sign as if they were my own words) that we are Free Culture militants «not only because it affirms the individual sovereignty to deliver and receive cultural resources, in an intellectual property framework guaranteed by the state. Our militancy is of widening the cultural enjoying and participation to the collective through the defense of common cultural goods» (…) «We want to build Free Culture for a Free Society. But a Free Society is not a society of free owners, but a society emancipated from the structures of economic power and social privilege that block this potential collective».
April 04, 2025
Gwolf
Naming things revisited
How long has it been since you last saw a conversation over different blogs syndicated at the same planet? Well, it’s one of the good memories of the early 2010s. And there is an opportunity to re-engage! 😃
I came across Evgeni’s post “naming things is hard” in Planet Debian. So, what names have I given my computers?
I have had many since the mid-1990s I also had several during the decade before that, but before Linux, my computers didn’t hve a formal name. Naming my computers something nice Linux gave me.
I have forgotten many. Some of the names I have used:
- My years in Iztacala: I worked as a sysadmin
between 1999 and 2003. When I arrived, we already had two servers,
campus
andtlali
, and one computer pending installation,ollin
. The credit for their names is not mine.campus
: A mighty SPARCstation 5! Because it was the main (and for some time, the only!) server in our campus.tlali
: A regular PC used as a Linux server. “Tlali” means something like lands in náhuatl, the prehispanic language spoken in central Mexico. My workplace was Iztacala, which translates as “the place where there are white houses”; “tlali” and “cali” are related words.ollin
: was a big IBM RS/6000 system running AIX. It came to us, probably already obsolete, as a (useless) donation from Fundación UNAM; I don’t recall the exact model, but it looked very much like this one. Ran on AIX. We had no software for it, and frankly… never really got it to be productive. Funnily, its name “Ollin” means “movement” in Náhuatl. I added some servers to the lineup during the two years I was in Iztacala:tlamantli
: An Alpha 21164 server that doubled as my desktop. Given the tradition in Iztacala of naming things in Náhuatl, but trying to be somewhat funny,tlamantli
just means a thing; I understand the word is usually bound to a quantifier.tepancuate
: A regular PC system we set up with OpenBSD as a firewall. It means “wall” in Náhuatl.
- Following the first CONSOL (National Free Software Conference), I was
invited to work as a programmer at UPN, Universidad Pedagógica
Nacional in 2003–2004. There I was not directly
in charge of any of the servers (I mostly used
ajusco
, managed by Víctor, named after the mountain on whose slopes our campus was). But my only computer there was:shmate
: , meaning old rag in yiddish. The word shmate is used like thingy, although it would usually mean old and slightly worn-out thingy. It was a quite nice machine, though. I had a Pentium 4 with 512MB RAM, not bad for 2003!
- I started my present work at Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas,
UNAM 20 years ago(!), in 2005. Here I am a
systems administrator, so naturally I am in charge of the servers. And
over the years, we have had a fair share of machines:
mosca
: is my desktop. It has changed hardware several times (of course) over the years, but it’s still the same Debian Sid install I did in January 2005 (I must have reinstalled once, when I got it replaced by an AMD64). Its name is the Spanish name for the common fly. I have often used it to describe my work, since I got in the early 1990s an automated bilingual translator calledTRANSLATE
; it came on seven 5.25” floppies. As a teenager, I somehow got my hands on a copy, and installed it in my 80386SX. Fed it its own README to see how it fared. And the first sentence made me burst in laughter: «TRANSLATE performs on the fly translation» ⇒ «TRADUCE realiza traducción sobre la mosca». Starting then, I always think of «on the fly» as «sobre la mosca». As Groucho said, I guess… Time flies like an arrow, but fruit flies like a banana.lafa
When I got there, we didn’t have any servers; for some time, I took one of the computer lab’s systems to serve our web page and receive mail. But when we got some budget approved, we bought a fsckin-big server. Big as in four-rack-units. Double CPUs (not multicore, but two independent early Xeon CPUs, if I’m not mistaken. Still, it was still a 32 bits system).לאפה
(lafa
) is a big, more flexible kind of Arab bread than pita; I loved it when I lived in Israel. And there is an album (and song) by Teapacks, an Israeli group I am very fond of, «hajaim shelja belafa» (your life in a lafa), saying, «hey, brother! Your life is in a lafa. You throw everything in a big pita. You didn’t have time to chew, you already swallowed it».joma
: Our firewall.חומה
means wall in Hebrew.baktun
:lafa
was great, but over the years, it got old. After many years, I finally got the Institute to buy a second server. We got it in December 2012. There was a lot of noise around then because the world was supposed to end on 2012.12.21, as the Mayan calendar reached a full long cycle. This long cycle is called /baktun/. So, it was fitting as the name of the new server.teom
: Aslafa
was almost immediately decomissioned and turned into a virtual machine in the much biggerbaktun,
, I wanted to split services, make off-hardware backups, and such. Almost two years later, my request was approved and we bought a second server. But instead of buying it from a “regular” provider, we got it off a stash of machines bought by our university’s central IT entity. To my surprise, it had the exact same hardware configuration asbaktun
, bought two years earlier. Even the serial number was absurdly close. So, I had it asbaktun
’s long-lost twin. Hence,תְאוֹם
(transliterated asteom
), the Hebrew word for twin. About a year afterteom
arrived to my life, my twin children were also born, but their naming followed a completely different logic process than my computers 😉
- At home or on the road: I am sure I am missing several systems over the
years.
pato
: The earliest system I had that I remember giving a name to. I built a 80386SX in 1991, buying each component separately. The box had a 1-inch square for integrators to put their branding — And after some time, I carefully printed and applied a label that said Catarmáquina PATO (the first word, very small). Pato (duck) is how we’d call a no-brand system. Catarmáquina because it was the system where I ran my BBS, CatarSYS (1992-1994).malenkaya
: In 2008 I got a 9” Acer Aspire One netbook (Atom N270 i386, 1GB RAM). I really loved that machine! Although it was quite limited, it was my main computer while on the road for almost five years.malenkaya
means small (for female) in Russian.matlalli
: Aftermalenkaya
started being too limited for my regular use, I bought its successor Acer Aspire One model. This one was way larger (10.1 inches screen) and I wasn’t too happy about it at the beginning, but I ended up loving it. So much, in fact, that we bought at least four very similar such computers for us and our family members. This computer was dirt cheap, and endured five further years of lugging everywhere.matlalli
is due to its turquoise color: it is the Náhuatl word for blue or green.cajita
: In 2014 I got a beautiful Cubox i4 Pro computer. It took me some time to get it to boot and be generally useful, but it ended up being my home server for many years, until I had a power supply malfunction which bricked it.cajita
means little box in Spanish.pitentzin
: Another 10.1” Acer Aspire One (the last in the lineup; the CPU is a Celeron 877, so it does run AMD64, and it supports up to 16GB RAM, I think I have it with 12). We originally bought it for my family in Argentina, but they didn’t really use it much, and after a couple of years we got it back. We decided it would be the computer for the kids, at least for the time being. And although it is a 2013 laptop, it’s still our everyday media station driver. Oh, and the namepitentzin
? Náhuatl for /children/.tliltik
: In 2018, I bought a second-hand Thinkpad X230. It was my daily driver for about three years. I reflashed its firmware with CoreBoot, and repeated the experience for seven people IIRC in DebConf18. With it, I learned to love the Thinkpad keyboard. Naturally for a thinkpad,tliltik
means black in Náhuatl.uesebe
: When COVID struck, we were all sent home, and my university lent me a nice recently bought Intel i7 HP laptop. At first, I didn’t want to mess up its Windows install (so I set up a USB-drive-based installation, hence the nameuesebe
); when it was clear the lockdown was going to be long (and thattliltik
had too many aches to be used for my daily work), I transferred the install to its HDD and used it throughout the pandemic, until mid 2022.bolex
: I bought this computer for my father in 2020. After he passed away in May 2022, I took his computer, and named itbolex
because that’s the brand of the 8mm cinema camera he loved and had since 1955, and with which he created most of his films. It is really an entry-level machine, though (a single-core, dual-threaded Celeron), and it was too limited when I started distance-teaching again, so I had to store it as an emergency system.yogurtu
: During the pandemics, I spent quite a bit of time fiddling with the Raspberry Pi family. But all in all, while they are nice machines for many uses, they are too limited to be daily drivers. Or even enough for taking i.e. to Debconf and have them be my conference computer. I bought an almost-new-but-used (≈2 year old) Yoga C630 ARM laptop. I often brag about my happy experience with it, and how it brings a reasonably powerful ARM Linux system to my everyday life. In our last DebConf, I didn’t even pick up my USB-C power connector every day; the battery just lasts over ten hours of active work. But I’m not here doing ads, right?yogurtu
naturally is derived from the Yoga brand it has, but is taken from Yogurtu Nghé, a fictional character by the Argentinian comical-musical group Les Luthiers, that has marked my life.misnenet
: Towards mid 2023, when it was clear thatbolex
would not be a good daily driver, and considering we would be spending six months in Argentina, I bought a new desktop system. It seems I have something for small computers: I decided for a refurbished HP EliteDesk 800 G5 Mini i7 system. I picked it because, at close to 18×18×3.5cm it perfectly fits in my DebConf18 bag. A laptop, it is clearly not, but it can easily travel with me when needed. Oh, and the name? Because for this model, HP uses different enclosures based on the kind of processor: The i3 model has a flat, black aluminum top… But mine has lots of tiny holes, covering two areas of roughly 15×7cm, with a tiny hole every ~2mm, and with a solid strip between them. Of course,מִסנֶנֶת
(misnenet
, in Hebrew) means strainer.
March 12, 2025
Victor Martínez
Nuestra primera clase
En confinamiento, de la optativa de educación en línea, o más bien la síntesis de la primera unidad, pero me gusto mas el otro título.
58 minutos, tiene pocas visitas, se público en abril de 2020, justo veía que tiene 27 diapositivas, ayer hicimos el mismo ejercicio con algunos de los nuevos documentos y nos tomó un poco más de hora y cuarenta minutos, pero si tuvimos antes la lectura y exposición.
Todavía por ahí del final, digo lo vamos a poder discutir cuando regresemos, y no lo hicimos más en ese curso, ni en ese año, pero lo hicimos en foros de discusión. Para la optativa fue útil el video, pero para todas las demás los videos, más cortos fueron más útiles, este formato en especial no tuvo mucho éxito
March 08, 2025
Gwolf
The author has been doctored.
Almost exactly four years after I started with this project, yesterday I presented my PhD defense.
My thesis was what I’ve been presenting advances of all around since ≈2022: «A certificate-poisoning-resistant protocol for the synchronization of Web of Trust networks»
Lots of paperwork is still on the road for me. But at least in the immediate future, I can finally use this keyring my friend Raúl Gómez 3D-printed for me:
February 03, 2025
Victor Martínez
Memorias, olvido y espejos
Si seguro en ingles suena mucho mejor, bueno en español no lo hace tan mal, en fin leyendo recién un comentario y viendo que la pǵina de Anime Project la tenemos un tanto abandonada, me parece pertinente colocar por acá que tenemos un wiki.
Que en su momento nos pareció una buena idea para elaborar cosas que no teníamos en la página de AP, que quedaban grandes para el blog y se discutían en los comentarios de la página donde no parecía ser el mejor lugar, el wiki en su momento llamado documentos pareció la forma natural de tener un espacio para muchas cosas, no tuvo ni cercano al uso que esperábamos, pero si me sirvió para ordenar un montón de texto que andaban por todos lados menos donde los necesitaba.
Sirva de pretexto para mencionar que hemos realizado un espejo de un montón de cosas que no queremos que se pierdan o se vuelvan sombras que en este mundillo del Anime/Manga y tristemente en el campo de la educación pasa más seguido de lo que uno quisiera.
Mirrors y archivos
Desde que se fundó AP en 1996 hemos visto con tristeza cómo muchos recursos en la Web sobre nuestra afición desaparecen por aburrimiento, falta de compromiso, dinero o cambio de intereses, en el mejor de los casos la página e información quedan abandonadas en el peor el servicio es descontinuado, la página eliminada, el recurso olvidado o perdido, en lo posible hemos puesto nuestro grano de arena hospedando algunos mirrors de recursos que nos interesan, una lista a continuación:
- La Cobacha, nuestro programa de radio, iniciado en 1998
- Promocionales de RPO de 2005 y 2006
- Los programas de Anime al Aire incluyendo los especiales
- Unos especiales de Anicast especialmente de Jury, Alanis y Lama de allá por 2001
- La tira de Bunsen (Heroes locales)
- La tira de Caballo Negro, por Jorge Cavazos
- El histórico de las primeras cinco ediciones del Congreso Nacional de Software Libre
- El podcast de Bakaradio sus 22 emisiones
- Promocionales y programas especiales de Radioactivo 98.5
- Más promocionales surtidos de estaciones de los 90
- Promocionales y programas especiales de WFM
- Tyander el mundo fantástico de Ash
- Post y mensajes interesantes
- La lista de correo de Anicast 2002-2003
- La lista de correo de Animexico 2000-2006